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California considers stepping in to manage groundwater basin in farm country_我的网站

A |     SACRAMENTO, Calif. -- California officials on Thursday faulted communities in a stretch of the crop-rich San Joaquin Valley for failing to develop a plan to adequately protect groundwater in the often drought-plagued state.The state's water resources board set an April hearing to determine whether the Tulare Lake Subbasin in the heart of California's farm country should be placed on probation. It is the first time the state has made such a move, and the first step in a lengthy process that could end up requiring large farms in the area to report groundwater use and pay fees.California is starting to regulate the pumping of groundwater after years of drought and overpumping left rural residents’ wells dry and led to subsidence, or the sinking of land, in some communities. Both issues have affected the largely agricultural region, which is home to 145,000 people, and stand to worsen absent revisions to the local groundwater plan, officials said.“This is an urgent issue,” said Natalie Stork, an official at the State Water Resources Control Board. “There are urgent impacts from continued overdraft in these basins.”The state enacted a 2014 law tasking communities with forming groundwater agencies and making plans to manage the resource sustainably, starting with the most critically overdrafted basins, including the Tulare Lake Subbasin.Five groundwater agencies joined together come up with a plan for the subbasin where farmers grow cotton, almonds and pistachios. But the plan was one of six that California's Department of Water Resources deemed inadequate this year.Now, the State Water Resources Control Board will hold a hearing April 16 to decide whether to place the Tulare Lake Subbasin on probation. If it does, large pumpers would report their groundwater usage and pay fees while the local agencies draft a new plan for the basin. If they don't, the board could eventually implement its own plan.Many communities rely mainly or solely on groundwater for drinking water and farmers count on it for irrigation, especially in a drought. California muddled through a spell of dry years until a series of winter storms drenched the state and dumped massive amounts of snow in the mountains. When the snow melted, it flowed down to form the reemerging Tulare Lake, which covered vast stretches of farmland with water. California has long tended toward wet and dry periods, but scientists at University of California, San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography have said they expect climate change will lead to drier dry years and wetter wet years.。    到了USB4，不但再次改变命名方式，技术上也变懒了，几乎直接承袭了Intel捐献的雷电3标准，从物理底层到技术规格都如出一辙。新鲜出炉的USB4 v2.0，也不是接口名字，而只是规范命名。从此以后(到下次再改名)，USB接口将统一以传输带宽命名，USB4 v2.0对应USB 80Gbps，USB4对应USB 40Gbps，USB 3.2 Gen2x2对应20Gbps，USB 3.2 Gen2对应USB 10Gbps，USB 3.2 Gen1对应USB 5Gbps……更古老的USB 2.0、USB 1.0保持不变，因为它们的速度太慢了，还停留在Mbps数量级。如果改叫USB 480Mbps，不但麻烦还容易引起误会(你也知道容易误会啊)。

B | 所以请注意新接口下的包装标识、接口标识、数据线标识：回到UBS4 2.0或者说USB 80Gbps，它的首要变化自然是带宽再次翻番来到了80Gbps，这得益于新的基于PAM3信号编码机制的物理层架构，同时还有新定义的80Gbps有源数据线。在特定应用场景中，比如8K超高清显示，USB 80Gbps还可以配置为非对称编码异步传输模式，一个方向可以高达120Gbps，从而足够承载DP 2.0/2.1 UHBR20信号，另一个方向则是40Gbps。其次，USB 80Gbps升级了数据和显示协议，可以更好地利用带宽，其中数据传输支持20Gbps的高带宽，显示传输则和DP 2.0、PCIe 4.0相互打通，共享PHY物理层，从而一个接口搞定高速数据、显示。当然了，USB 80Gbps依然保持向下兼容，而且只有USB Type-C一种接口形式。

C | 顺带一提，USB Type-C接口规范、USB PD供电规范也已升级，与USB 80Gbps保持同步。

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Published on:17:31:42