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消息人士：贝森特或动用规模近1万亿美元的财政部一般账户 为债券回购计划提供资金_我的网站

一 |     　　据报道，两名美国财政部高级官员透露，美国财政部或将动用规模接近1万亿美元的财政部一般账户（TGA），为债券回购计划提供资金。贝森特已将TGA余额规模扩大至约9500亿美元。    As Massoud walked down a Kabul street one cold Sunday morning, looking for a day job to feed his family, pickup trucks full of armed Taliban members stopped in front of him. He told CBS News the men aimed their AK-47s at him, he was handcuffed, blindfolded and taken to an office of the Taliban's General Directorate of Intelligence.For more than a month, Massoud's family had no idea where he was. They searched everywhere, including hospitals, until they arrived at the Taliban's intelligence department. "After six weeks of searching, they found me at the Taliban's 040 intelligence department," Massoud told CBS News in a phone interview. He said during the first 15 days of his imprisonment, he was "beaten, struck with electric shock sticks, electrocuted, waterboarded and hanged upside down."

             

His crime? Massoud worked for the U.S. military as an interpreter from 2011 to 2013, including a year spent working with U.S. Navy SEALs. (CBS News is not using the real name of Massoud or the other former interpreter interviewed for this story to protect them from possible retaliation.)       

"Don't want to see that horror again" 

Massoud said that during interrogations, Taliban intelligence officers told him that, "with my help, the Americans have killed our people, and that I was still spying for the Americans.""I told them, 'You have announced a general amnesty,'" Massoud told CBS News, but he was informed by the Taliban interrogators, "there is no amnesty for you people."                 Massoud was finally released by the Taliban after more than three months of imprisonment, after his brothers signed two separate guarantees promising the Taliban they would bring him back to the intelligence agency if ever asked to do so. CBS News has seen the letters and other documents his family filed with Taliban officials while he was imprisoned."They can find me anytime they wish and put me back in the prison," he told CBS News. "I just don't want to see that horror again." 

"Still in danger"

U.S. Army Sgt. Jordan David Johnson, who has since been honorably discharged, was Massoud's direct supervisor in Helmand province and has written to members of the U.S. Congress supporting his former Afghan colleague's application for a U.S. visa, but to no avail. "Every time I hear from Massoud I feel guilty, because he is still in danger," Johnson told CBS News. "We told them that, 'You help us, and we will help you.' But now we are not, and that is wrong."

             

In a September 2022 letter to lawmakers, Johnson said he trusted Massoud then, "and I am proud to call him a friend today," adding that he did not believe the Afghan "poses a national security threat to the United States of America."                      

"They will come after me and my family"

Omar, 32, told CBS News that he worked with the U.S. military from 2008 until 2012 and was deployed alongside U.S. troops in eastern Paktia province. From 2012 until Afghanistan fell back into the Taliban's hands in August 2021, he worked on various projects with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul. He was threatened many times for working with the U.S. and was injured in what he believes was an assassination attempt in 2014, after he filed for a U.S. visa. 

    

                                                     

    

Despite the threats, which he continued reporting to his supervisors at the embassy, Omar was informed that his U.S. Special Immigration Visa, or SIV, application had been rejected because documents he submitted previously had been deemed fraudulent. He believes it's because he failed a polygraph administered by U.S. officials eight years earlier, and that the process was unfair. "They intentionally make you a criminal," he told CBS News. "You are only allowed to answer their questions with yes and no, and they don't give you a chance to explain." Omar filed an appeal against the rejection of his application in mid-June and is waiting for a response. He urged the U.S. government to "seriously look into our cases and take us into safety," adding that if it doesn't happen, "they will come after me and my family one day."

"Absurd that it takes so long"

During the 20-year war that followed the 2001 U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan, thousands of Afghans served as interpreters and translators, working shoulder to shoulder with U.S. troops and diplomats, risking their lives serving on the battlefield and communicating with locals.                       These interpreters were essential to bridge the language barrier, but also to provide cultural context, gather intelligence, negotiate with tribal elders and build trust with local communities. Massoud and Omar both applied for SIVs under a program created by the U.S. Congress in 2006 to offer legal pathways to the United States for Iraqis and Afghans who helped during the U.S. military operations in those countries. But the bureaucracy of the SIV application process has left many applicants frustrated, with little faith in the program.Massoud said his application was rejected due to a lack of documentation from his supervisors, despite Johnson trying to help. He said he submitted the requested documents and has waited for more than 320 days with no update from the U.S. government. "Every time Massoud submits all his documents and we think, 'now we are waiting for his visa to be approved,' then Massoud would contact me again saying, 'I need this and this document, because they keep changing the requirements,'" Johnson said. 

    

                                                     

    

"The SIV process is flawed and ridiculous and absurd that it takes so long. These interpreters, their lives are in danger," the former U.S. soldier told CBS News. "We don't do enough for them, and it's very frustrating."

The backlog, and work to improve a "vital program"

"We have surged resources to this vital program, significantly increasing the number of staff dedicated to it. We have reviewed every stage of the multiple step application process to streamline it wherever possible, consistent with U.S. law, and continue to look for areas to improve," a State Department spokesperson told CBS News.The official said the steps had enabled the State Department to issue "nearly 34,000 SIVs to principal applicants and their eligible family members" from the beginning of the Biden administration until August 1, 2023.                      As of the end of March, State Department figures show about 9,800 principal SIV applicants had cleared a major hurdle in the process, securing Chief Of Mission (COM) approval. Those individuals are "awaiting further processing and their eventual visa interview before being issued an SIV," the spokesperson said, adding: "We are working to process these cases as quickly as possible."The State Department's figures show that another 69,000 principal applicants were undergoing the review process, and the spokesperson told CBS News that, historically, about half of the applications who reach that stage of the process do not end up qualifying for an SIV.According to the figures, 3,241 Afghan applicants were "deemed unqualified to receive COM approval or had the approval revoked during the second quarter" of 2023."The Department will continue to ensure Afghan SIV applications are processed as quickly as possible in accordance with the statutorily required program parameters and national security requirements," the spokesman told CBS News. A report issued this week by a State Department inspector general said, meanwhile, that according to the department's own estimation, as of April 2023, a total of "more than 840,000 principal and derivative SIV applicants remained in Afghanistan."CBS News' Tucker Reals and Paulina Smolinski contributed to this report.                                 

In:    
• Taliban
    
• Immigration
    
• War
    
• Afghanistan
    

。　　相关报道　　美国财政部“救市”新消息！近万亿美元现金储备可能出手买美债　　赶在周一晚间美股开盘前，美国财政部展开了新一轮干预债市的努力。　　据媒体援引“两名美国财政部高级官员”报道称，美国财政部可以动用规模接近1万亿美元的财政部一般账户（TGA），为其近期宣布的扩大美国国债回购计划提供资金。　　受此影响，长端美债（10年期/30年期）收益率均小幅回落（对应国债价格上涨），美股期指跌幅小幅收窄。现货黄金维持涨势，最新报价在每盎司4650美元上下。（美国30年期国债收益率分钟线图）　　美国财政部一般账户（TGA账户）可以理解为美国联邦政府在美联储开设的“支票账户”，或者说是美国政府的应急现金储备。　　在贝森特治下，目前TGA账户的余额已经达到约9500亿美元，明显高于拜登政府时期的5500亿至6000亿美元目标水平。　　美国财政部尚未透露是否、何时以及动用多少TGA资金，但这些官员明确表示，这笔钱可以用于此次长期美债回购。　　作为背景，美国财政部上周三出人意料地宣布，将9月开始的长期美债单次回购规模从20亿美元提高一倍至“至少40亿美元”。这一消息一度推动美债收益率下行，但效果仅维持了短短一天。

二 | 美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特周四又公开表示，实际回购规模甚至可能高于目前公告的水平。　　大多数市场参与者此前认为，财政部会通过发行短期国库券来筹集资金，甚至连贝森特上周接受采访时，也把这项操作称为 “财政部版扭转操作”（Treasury Twist）。这种“发行短债控制长期债券收益率”的做法，也被市场质疑效果有限，且美国财政部的火力可能受限。　　因此，动用TGA账户将有利于改变市场的看法，同时该账户的“火力”足以应对短期债市波动。　　据报道，上述官员没有透露，美国财政部究竟会不会动用TGA、会动用多少资金，以及相关决定可能会在什么时候公布。他们也没有暗示，TGA资金会被用于购买长期国债之外的其他资产，仅明确表示“TGA账户是可用的”。　　美国财政部动用TGA账户稳定债市的另一个好处，是这个账户里该有多少钱，本身就具有一定的政策裁量空间。　　耶伦担任美国财长期间，财政部官员曾表示，TGA的目标是维持相当于 “未来一周现金支出需求” 的水平。现任财政部则表示，其账户余额的设定“符合财政部长期以来的现金余额管理政策”。

三 | 　　短期内让TGA余额适度下降，似乎也不会立即引发风险。

四 | 　　减少TGA余额，意味着如果未来再次出现债务上限僵局，美国政府手头可动用的现金储备会有所下降。但最新估算显示，美国下一次触及债务上限（41.1万亿美元），至少是中期选举以后的问题了。　　从预期管理的角度来说，即便财政部只是小规模动用TGA，或者市场仅仅意识到财政部愿意使用TGA买入美国国债，也可能对美债收益率产生影响。　　这还可以缓解债券市场上的另一项担忧：部分投资者此前担心，美联储可能会被要求协助财政部实施此类国债回购操作。

五 | 美联储确实像一家银行一样替财政部保管TGA账户，但美联储并不把TGA视为其货币政策工具的一部分。　　报道称，美国财政部官员还对外界的一项批评进行了反驳：有人认为，财政部此次突然宣布扩大国债回购，偏离了长期以来在债券发行方面坚持的 “规律且可预测”原则，甚至是在有意“操纵市场”。　　此次扩大回购计划的公告，是在季度再融资声明发布两周之后公布的。按照惯例，此类信息通常会在季度再融资声明中一并向市场披露。　　不过，上述财政部高级官员表示，财政部实际上并没有对正式的国债拍卖日程作出任何调整。　　他们还指出，这项公告是在首场回购操作之前将近三周发布的，首次操作定于9月9日进行，因此市场仍有充足时间做好准备。此外，财政部在8月19日的公告中已经一次性公布了整个季度的回购安排。　　这些官员还表示，由于第一场回购要到9月9日才会进行，因此现在就判断这项政策对市场的实际影响还为时过早。　　贝森特上周曾表示，财政部扩大回购规模的目的，是希望市场能够“把注意力放在基本面上，而不是在市场交投清淡的平静时期根据新闻标题进行交易”。

六 | （来源：财联社）（文章来源：第一财经）。

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Published on:08:17:46